We propose and describe our realization of a deeply subwavelength optical lattice for ultracold neutral atoms using N resonantly Raman-coupled internal degrees of freedom. Although counterpropagating lasers with wavelength λ provided two-photon Raman coupling, the resultant lattice period was λ/2N, an N-fold reduction as compared to …

Realization of a deeply subwavelength adiabatic optical lattice Read more »

We describe a Fourier transform spectroscopy technique for directly measuring band structures, and apply it to a spin-1 spin–orbit coupled Bose–Einstein condensate. In our technique, we suddenly change the Hamiltonian of the system by adding a spin–orbit coupling interaction and …

Fourier transform spectroscopy of a spin–orbit coupled Bose gas Read more »

We observed a new mechanism for vortex nucleation in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) subject to synthetic magnetic fields. We made use of a strong synthetic magnetic field initially localized between a pair of merging BECs to rapidly create vortices in the …

Vortex nucleation in a Bose–Einstein condensate: from the inside out Read more »

Phases of matter are characterized by order parameters describing the type and degree of order in a system. Here we experimentally explore the magnetic phases present in a near-zero temperature spin-1 spin–orbit-coupled atomic Bose gas and the quantum phase transitions …

Magnetic phases of spin-1 spin–orbit-coupled Bose gases Read more »